虚拟线程是 Java 平台的一项创新特性。虚拟线程是一种轻量级的线程实现，它在操作系统层面并不对应真实的内核线程，而是由 JVM 进行管理和调度。这使得可以在不消耗大量系统资源的情况下创建大量的线程，从而能够更高效地处理并发任务。
资源消耗：普通线程通常与操作系统的内核线程直接对应，创建和切换成本较高，资源消耗大。虚拟线程则轻量得多，创建和切换成本极低，能够创建大量的虚拟线程而不会导致系统资源紧张。
调度方式：普通线程的调度由操作系统内核负责，而虚拟线程的调度由 JVM 管理，更加灵活高效。
并发能力：由于虚拟线程的低消耗特性，可以创建更多的虚拟线程来处理并发任务，从而提高系统的并发处理能力。
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>3.0.0</version><relativePath/><!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.example</groupId><artifactId>virtual-thread-performance-booster</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>Virtual Thread Performance Booster</name><properties><java.version>19</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>
server: port:8080thread: core-pool-size:10max-connections:2000max-threads:500
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;importorg.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;importorg.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;@Configuration@EnableAsyncpublicclass ThreadConfig {@Value("${thread.core-pool-size}")privateintcorePoolSize;@Value("${thread.max-connections}")privateintmaxConnections;@Value("${thread.max-threads}")privateintmaxThreads;@Bean(name="asyncTaskExecutor")publicThreadPoolTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor(){
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor=new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxThreads);executor.setQueueCapacity(maxConnections);executor.setThreadNamePrefix("Async-");executor.initialize();returnexecutor;}@Bean(name="virtualThreadExecutor")publicExecutorService virtualThreadExecutor(){returnExecutors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor();}
}
importorg.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;importorg.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol;importorg.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatConnectorCustomizer;importorg.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublicclass TomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizer implements TomcatConnectorCustomizer {@Value("${thread.max-connections}")privateintmaxConnections;@Value("${thread.max-threads}")privateintmaxThreads;@Overridepublicvoid customize(Connector connector){
Http11NioProtocol protocol=(Http11NioProtocol)connector.getProtocolHandler();protocol.setMaxConnections(maxConnections);protocol.setMaxThreads(maxThreads);protocol.setMinSpareThreads(50);}
}
importjava.time.Duration;importjava.time.Instant;importjava.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;importorg.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Servicepublicclass VirtualThreadService {// 获取虚拟线程执行器@Autowiredprivate ExecutorService virtualThreadExecutor;// 获取异步任务执行器@Autowiredprivate ThreadPoolTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor;@Async("asyncTaskExecutor")publicvoid performVirtualThreadTask(){
Instantstart=Instant.now();virtualThreadExecutor.execute(()->{// 模拟耗时任务try {
Thread.sleep(5000);System.out.println("虚拟线程任务完成！");} catch(InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();}
});Instantend=Instant.now();long duration=Duration.between(start,end).toMillis();System.out.println("虚拟线程方法执行时间: "+duration+" 毫秒");}@Async("asyncTaskExecutor")publicvoid performNormalThreadTask(){
Instantstart=Instant.now();asyncTaskExecutor.execute(()->{// 模拟耗时任务try {
Thread.sleep(5000);System.out.println("普通线程任务完成！");} catch(InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();}
});Instantend=Instant.now();long duration=Duration.between(start,end).toMillis();System.out.println("普通线程方法执行时间: "+duration+" 毫秒");}
}
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestControllerpublicclass VirtualThreadController {@Autowiredprivate VirtualThreadService virtualThreadService;@GetMapping("/triggerVirtualThreadTask")publicString triggerVirtualThreadTask(){
virtualThreadService.performVirtualThreadTask();return"虚拟线程任务已触发！";}@GetMapping("/triggerNormalThreadTask")publicString triggerNormalThreadTask(){
virtualThreadService.performNormalThreadTask();return"普通线程任务已触发！";}
}
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><metacharset="UTF-8"><title>虚拟线程性能提升示例</title></head><body><h1>虚拟线程性能提升示例</h1><button onclick="triggerVirtualThreadTask()">触发虚拟线程任务</button><button onclick="triggerNormalThreadTask()">触发普通线程任务</button><button onclick="send10000Requests()">发送10000个请求</button><script>functiontriggerVirtualThreadTask(){fetch('/triggerVirtualThreadTask').then(response=>response.text()).then(data=>{
alert(data);}).catch(error=>console.error('Error triggering virtual thread task:',error));}functiontriggerNormalThreadTask(){fetch('/triggerNormalThreadTask').then(response=>response.text()).then(data=>{
alert(data);}).catch(error=>console.error('Error triggering normal thread task:',error));}functionsend10000Requests(){for(let i=0;i<10000;i++){fetch('/triggerVirtualThreadTask').then(response=>{if(response.status===200){
console.log(`虚拟线程请求 ${i} 成功`);}else{
console.error(`虚拟线程请求 ${i} 失败`);}
}).catch(error=>console.error(`虚拟线程请求 ${i} 出错:`,error));fetch('/triggerNormalThreadTask').then(response=>{if(response.status===200){
console.log(`普通线程请求 ${i} 成功`);}else{
console.error(`普通线程请求 ${i} 失败`);}
}).catch(error=>console.error(`普通线程请求 ${i} 出错:`,error));}
}</script></body></html>
通过以上的代码示例，在前端页面中增加了send10000Requests函数，用于异步发送 10000 个请求。在服务端的日志中可以比较两种线程执行的性能差异。根据实际的运行情况，可以对线程配置进行优化和调整，以达到更好的性能效果。